Cell History
The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1965. While examining very thick slices of cork ( under a coarse compound microscope) , he notices they had tiny little pores. He associated the pores with wall apartments that a monk lived in, therefore he called them cells. His cell observation gave no indication of a cell wall or nucleus.
The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1965. While examining very thick slices of cork ( under a coarse compound microscope) , he notices they had tiny little pores. He associated the pores with wall apartments that a monk lived in, therefore he called them cells. His cell observation gave no indication of a cell wall or nucleus.
The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. He however was not the first man to make a compound microscope, this man (Zacharias Janssen) who saw and described algae as animalcules. The idea that cells were separable into individual units was proposed by Ludolph Christian Treviranus. All of this finally led to Henri Dutrochet formulating one of the fundamental tenets of modern cell theory by declaring that "The cell is the fundamental element of organization".
The observations of these men and others eventually led to the discovery of cell theory. The cell theory states:
1.All living things are made of cells
2.New cells are made from other older cells through mitosis
3.Cells are the basic building unit of life
2.New cells are made from other older cells through mitosis
3.Cells are the basic building unit of life
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (pictured above).
Henri Dutrochet (above)
Cell Organelles
One of the main and most important organelles is the nucleus. It hold the majority of the genetic material. It is usually known as the brain of a cell because it controls the cells activity. It uses DNA as a blueprint.
The Nucleolus is the of RNA processing and transcription. It also serves as the Ribosome production factory.
The Nuclear Membrane is made of lipids, and separates the cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. Center of cell.
One of the main and most important organelles is the nucleus. It hold the majority of the genetic material. It is usually known as the brain of a cell because it controls the cells activity. It uses DNA as a blueprint.
The Nucleolus is the of RNA processing and transcription. It also serves as the Ribosome production factory.
The Nuclear Membrane is made of lipids, and separates the cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. Center of cell.
Mitochondria
Another Important organelle is the Mitochondria. It is often referred to as "the powerhouse" of the cell. It turns glucose sugars into the ATP. It is found in both plant and animal cells. Located throughout cell.
Another Important organelle is the Mitochondria. It is often referred to as "the powerhouse" of the cell. It turns glucose sugars into the ATP. It is found in both plant and animal cells. Located throughout cell.
Cytoplasm
The Cytoplasm is like a cushion that protects the inside organelles of the of the cell. It is found anywhere that a cell organelle is not found at. It is much like lawns and parks of our city for that reason.
The Cytoplasm is like a cushion that protects the inside organelles of the of the cell. It is found anywhere that a cell organelle is not found at. It is much like lawns and parks of our city for that reason.
Lysosome
it is waste basket or sac of the cell.It breaks down macromolecules in the cell through the process of hydrolysis. It is carried out with enzymes found in the lysosome.
it is waste basket or sac of the cell.It breaks down macromolecules in the cell through the process of hydrolysis. It is carried out with enzymes found in the lysosome.
Cytoskeleton
This is what it says it is. It is the framework or the "skeleton" of the cell. It gives the cell its shape. It aids in the process of movement and mitosis. It is located throughout the cell.
This is what it says it is. It is the framework or the "skeleton" of the cell. It gives the cell its shape. It aids in the process of movement and mitosis. It is located throughout the cell.
Vacuoles
There vacuoles in both the plant and animal cells. However in plant cells they are very different. In the plant it is one giant central vacuole that hold water and other molecular substances. In animal cells the have vacuoles but they aren't central. They have few smaller vacuoles that serve for the same purpose.
There vacuoles in both the plant and animal cells. However in plant cells they are very different. In the plant it is one giant central vacuole that hold water and other molecular substances. In animal cells the have vacuoles but they aren't central. They have few smaller vacuoles that serve for the same purpose.
Ribosomes
They are responsible for protein synthesis(on the ER). The amino acids and raw materials like RNA are combined to for proteins. They create a main protein known as enzymes, without life wouldn't exist.
They are responsible for protein synthesis(on the ER). The amino acids and raw materials like RNA are combined to for proteins. They create a main protein known as enzymes, without life wouldn't exist.
Centrioles
they are found in only animal cells. They control the spindle fiber formation, which has affect on chromosome separation. They are positioned in right angels. Ech one is made of nine bundles of microtubes.
they are found in only animal cells. They control the spindle fiber formation, which has affect on chromosome separation. They are positioned in right angels. Ech one is made of nine bundles of microtubes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
There is two versions, smooth and rough ER. The rough simply has free ribsomes attached to it. This makes up about one half of the membranous tissue. This is the place that membrane and protein synthesis take place. Rough ER is responsible for protein synthesis. Smooth ER is responsible for functions like lipid synthesis, and drug detoxification. Located near membrane.
There is two versions, smooth and rough ER. The rough simply has free ribsomes attached to it. This makes up about one half of the membranous tissue. This is the place that membrane and protein synthesis take place. Rough ER is responsible for protein synthesis. Smooth ER is responsible for functions like lipid synthesis, and drug detoxification. Located near membrane.
Plastids
One is known as the chloroplast. which is located in the plant cell only and is the site of photosynthesis in a plant. Chromoplast are responsible for pigment synthesis and storage. Unlike the other two, the Leucoplast is not green. It is usually used for bulk storage of strch lipid and protein.
One is known as the chloroplast. which is located in the plant cell only and is the site of photosynthesis in a plant. Chromoplast are responsible for pigment synthesis and storage. Unlike the other two, the Leucoplast is not green. It is usually used for bulk storage of strch lipid and protein.
Golgi Body
It is like a post office. Its primary use is to transport. It like a taxi cab that transports good created by other people. It is located outside of the ER.
It is like a post office. Its primary use is to transport. It like a taxi cab that transports good created by other people. It is located outside of the ER.
Cilia
They are used almost like fingers on the human body. They are sensors for eukaryotes. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.
They are used almost like fingers on the human body. They are sensors for eukaryotes. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.
Flagella
The flagella is like a boat propeller. It can come out of one end, or all over the bacteria. It helps it moves towards nutrients and away from bad stuff.
The flagella is like a boat propeller. It can come out of one end, or all over the bacteria. It helps it moves towards nutrients and away from bad stuff.
Cell Membrane
This is found in both plant and animal cells. It is before the cell wall. It is like a body guard that regulates what can enter and exit the cell. There are certain things along the cell membrane that can allow different things to enter and exit.
This is found in both plant and animal cells. It is before the cell wall. It is like a body guard that regulates what can enter and exit the cell. There are certain things along the cell membrane that can allow different things to enter and exit.
Cell Wall
The cell wall is found in only plant cells. It does not regulate what can exist or enter, but it is like a protective barrier. It also like the cytoskeleton gives the cell its support and shape.
The cell wall is found in only plant cells. It does not regulate what can exist or enter, but it is like a protective barrier. It also like the cytoskeleton gives the cell its support and shape.
Stem cells overcome damage in other cells by exporting mitochondria
Researchers have revealed that delivery of the mitochondria to human lung cells can rejuvenate damaged cells. "Our results show that the movement of mitochondria from stem cells to recipient cells is regulated by the protein Miro1 and is part of a well-directed process," remarked Anurag Agrawal, Professor at the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in Delhi, India (Stem cells overcome damage in other cells by exporting mitochondria,EMBO). This is being put to work to create more effect work on lung disease therapy. Previous work suggest that mitochondria can be transferred through tunneling nano tubes. These are formed from plasma membranes strung together. The protein Miro1 has been shown to regulate the transfer of the mitochondria mesenchymal stem cells to epithelial cells. They have began doing test on asthma in mice. "We hope to determine how this pathway might translate into better stem cell therapies for human disease," added Agrawal (Stem cells overcome damage in other cells by exporting mitochondria,EMBO).
Researchers have revealed that delivery of the mitochondria to human lung cells can rejuvenate damaged cells. "Our results show that the movement of mitochondria from stem cells to recipient cells is regulated by the protein Miro1 and is part of a well-directed process," remarked Anurag Agrawal, Professor at the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in Delhi, India (Stem cells overcome damage in other cells by exporting mitochondria,EMBO). This is being put to work to create more effect work on lung disease therapy. Previous work suggest that mitochondria can be transferred through tunneling nano tubes. These are formed from plasma membranes strung together. The protein Miro1 has been shown to regulate the transfer of the mitochondria mesenchymal stem cells to epithelial cells. They have began doing test on asthma in mice. "We hope to determine how this pathway might translate into better stem cell therapies for human disease," added Agrawal (Stem cells overcome damage in other cells by exporting mitochondria,EMBO).
Importance
This article is very important. It shows how cells can help to cure and relive diseases. Also stated by this statement; The introduction of mitochondria into damaged cells has beneficial effects on the health of cells and, in the long term. So potentially it could cure countless lung diseases. It could also Breakthrough in other cells and other organs. "We hope to determine how this pathway might translate into better stem cell therapies for human disease". This was stated by one of the lead authors of the article.
This article is very important. It shows how cells can help to cure and relive diseases. Also stated by this statement; The introduction of mitochondria into damaged cells has beneficial effects on the health of cells and, in the long term. So potentially it could cure countless lung diseases. It could also Breakthrough in other cells and other organs. "We hope to determine how this pathway might translate into better stem cell therapies for human disease". This was stated by one of the lead authors of the article.
Credibility
I believe this article is very credible. The article is based on materials provided by EMBO - excellence in life sciences. These are the authors of the article. Tanveer Ahmad, Shravani Mukherjee, Bijay Pattnaik, Manish Kumar, Suchita Singh, Manish Kumar, Rakhshinda Rehman, Brijendra K Tiwari, Kumar A Jha, Amruta P Barhanpurkar, Mohan R Wani, Soumya S Roy, Ulaganathan Mabalirajan, Balaram Ghosh, Anurag Agrawal. Miro1 regulates intercellular mitochondrial transport & enhances mesenchymal stem cell rescue efficacy. The EMBO Journal, 2014. Through conclusive research i came to a cunclusion that EMBO is a very credible life science organization.
I believe this article is very credible. The article is based on materials provided by EMBO - excellence in life sciences. These are the authors of the article. Tanveer Ahmad, Shravani Mukherjee, Bijay Pattnaik, Manish Kumar, Suchita Singh, Manish Kumar, Rakhshinda Rehman, Brijendra K Tiwari, Kumar A Jha, Amruta P Barhanpurkar, Mohan R Wani, Soumya S Roy, Ulaganathan Mabalirajan, Balaram Ghosh, Anurag Agrawal. Miro1 regulates intercellular mitochondrial transport & enhances mesenchymal stem cell rescue efficacy. The EMBO Journal, 2014. Through conclusive research i came to a cunclusion that EMBO is a very credible life science organization.
Questions
I have a few questions. If this is as prominent as i believe then why isn't it offered as a better "cure" to lung cancer? Why cant we expand on this and create ways to make other cells transferable? Can these mitochondria be transfered to organs other than the lungs?
I have a few questions. If this is as prominent as i believe then why isn't it offered as a better "cure" to lung cancer? Why cant we expand on this and create ways to make other cells transferable? Can these mitochondria be transfered to organs other than the lungs?
Resources
History- http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Cell_theory.html
Organelles- http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Summaries/Cell.html
Research- http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140116085059.htm , http://www.embo.org/
images- http://www.google.com/imghp , http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Summaries/Cell.html , https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSKWAaJ62cMTNPC5WlymqkKzZSUQXmH-rSiImFbhg_Zfns-Un4G
History- http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Cell_theory.html
Organelles- http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Summaries/Cell.html
Research- http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140116085059.htm , http://www.embo.org/
images- http://www.google.com/imghp , http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Summaries/Cell.html , https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSKWAaJ62cMTNPC5WlymqkKzZSUQXmH-rSiImFbhg_Zfns-Un4G